Prevalence,diagnosis and treatment status of pediatric drug-resistant tuberculosis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,which threats the health of children worldwide.Accompany with the increase of drug-resistance tuberculosis,great challenging has arose in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.Nowadays,the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistance tuberculosis is still difficult in pediatric patients.Based on molecular diagnosis,fast detect as well as reliable treatment of drug-re-sistance tuberculosis become available.Currently,the principle of drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in children is essentially similar to adults.In this review,the mechanism,diagnosis and treatment of pediatric drug resistance tuberculosis were discussed.

Effect of miRNA-146a on life cycle of hepatitis B virus in vitro / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To determine the effect of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) on the life cycle of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and investigate the underlying mechanisms.Methods The miRNA expression profiles were compared by miRNA array between HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells.Then miR-146a was chosen as objective,and its expression level was further confirmed by RT-PCR.After miR-146a mimic and inhibitor were transfected into HepG2.2.15 cells respectively,the quantification of HBV replication was determined by RT-PCR,and the levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatant were measured by ELISA,and the expression of HS3ST3B1 at mRNA and protein levels were tested by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Dualluciferase reporter assay was used to detect the interaction between miR-146a and potential target HS3ST3B1.Results The expression levels of totally 72 miRNAs were changed in HepG2.2.15 cells,with 27 upregulated and 45 down-regulated.RT-PCR showed the expression level of miR-146a was significantly higher in HepG2.2.15 cells than HepG2 cells (1.55-± 0.13 vs 1.00 ± 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).Transfection of miR-146a mimic into HepG2.2.15 cells resulted in significantly increased HBV replication and levels of HBsAg and HBeAg (P ＜ 0.05),while the transfection of its inhibited caused opposite results (P ＜ 0.05).Bioinformatic analysis showed that HS3ST3B1 was a potential target of miR-146a.The reporter luciferase reporter system indicated that the reported fluorescence intensity of HS3ST3B1 wild type vector was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05),but showed no significant difference between HS3ST3B1 mutant vector and control group (P ＞0.05).The mRNA level of HS3ST3B1 was not significantly changed in HepG2.2.15 cells transfected with miR-146a mimic (P ＞ 0.05),but its protein level was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions miR-146a affects the life cycle of HBV,which may be through suppressing the translation of HBV inhibitory factor HS3ST3B1 3'UTR.

Clinical analysis of 247 children with whooping cough and the risk factors of severe cases / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the clinical characteristics of whooping cough in children and analyze the risk factors for severe whooping cough.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 247 children with whooping cough in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between Jan 2013 and Dec 2014. Of these patients, 126 were male, 121 were female, the median age was 3.1 months (23 days-4 years and eight months old). The patients were divided into two groups, group 1 had infants less than 3 months of age (n=120) and group 2 had infants and young children older than 3 months (n=127) according to their age. On the other hand, the patients were also divided into two groups according to vaccination status: vaccinated group (received diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis, DTP) (n=31) and unvaccinated group (n=188). Pure Bordetella pertussis infection was seen in 106 cases, and 141 cases had mixed infection. Severe disease was seen in 13 cases, and the other 234 cases had the modest disease. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1) Bordetella pertussis was identified in 57/680 cases (8.4%) in 2013, and 190/1 856 cases (10.2%) in 2014. The disease could be seen throughout the year, but 182 cases (73.7%) occurred in summer or autumn; 202 cases (81.8%) were less than 6 months. (2) Paroxysmal cough was seen in 238 cases (96.4%) , 61 cases (24.7%) had inspiratory whoop. Infants in group 1 often had episodes of cyanosis, apnea and suffocation (χ² = 19.999, 12.081, 6.508, P<0.05), persistent cough was often seen in group 2 (χ² = 9.885, P<0.05). Complications such as severe pneumonia, pulmonary consolidation and encephalopathy were more common in the group 1 than in group 2 (χ² = 17.340, 6.080, 11.030, 23.545, P<0.05). (3) The length of stay of group 1, and of unvaccinated group was significantly longer than that of group 2 and of vaccinated group (t=19.331, 26.741, P<0.05). (4) Leukocytosis was found in 224 cases (90.7%), 182 cases (73.7%) had predominant lymphocytosis. White blood cell in group 1, unvaccinated group and severe disease group was higher than the corresponding group (t=11.075,13.739,3.469, P<0.05). (5) Patients who had a history of exposure, fever, leukocytosis and pulmonary consolidation or atelectasis on chest imaging were prone to develop into severe pertussis (OR=4.521, 4.900, 1.085, 4.792, 50.400; P<0.05). A total of 244 cases (98.8%) recovered, 3 cases (1.2%) died, they were less than 3 months old and unvaccinated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The number of cases with whooping cough in Chongqing area tends to be rising. The disease occurred mostly in summer and fall. Infants less than 3 months old, unvaccinated with DTP had high susceptibility to pertussis, often had a severe clinical presentation and severe complications, had a high mortality rate.</p>

A study on relationship between the Bifidobacterium in neonatal intestines and infantile diarrhea / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To explore the relationship between the Bifidobacterium in neonatal intestines and the occurrence of diarrhea in its infancy in order to provide an evidence for prevention of infantile diarrhea.Methods:The Bifidobacterium from the cultured feces were counted in every neonates.The less sufficient count of Bifidobacterium was less than 7.0(LgN/g),while the sufficient count of Bifidobacterium was at least 7.0(LgN/g).There were 4 groups(group A,B,C and D)in this study,and there were 30 neonates in each group.The Bifidobacterium count in group A and B was less than 7.0(LgN/g).The Bifidobacterium count in group C and D was at least 7.0(LgN/g).The exogenous Bifidobacterium was administrated to the neonates in group A and group C.Their occurrence of diarrhea was followed up for 1 year.Results:The incidence of diarrhea (including infective diarrhea) was lower in the infant whose Bifidobacterium count was sufficient.The administration with exogenous Bifidobacterium in the early neonatal period could reduce the incidence of infant diarrhea significantly.Conclusion:The Bifidobacterium in neonatal intestines is related to occurrence of diarrhea in its infancy. The administration with the exogenous Bifidobacterium in the early neonatal period can reduce the incidence of infantile diarrhea.